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  "articleBody": "We introduce Kimi-Dev-72B, our new open-source coding LLM for software engineering tasks. Kimi-Dev-72B achieves a new state-of-the-art on SWE-bench Verified among open-source models.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B achieves 60.4% performance on SWE-bench Verified. It surpasses the runner-up, setting a new state-of-the-art result among open-source models.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B is optimized via large-scale reinforcement learning. It autonomously patches real repositories in Docker and gains rewards only when the entire test suite passes. This ensures correct and robust solutions, aligning with real-world development standards.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B is available for download and deployment on Hugging Face and GitHub. We welcome developers and researchers to explore its capabilities and contribute to development.\n\n[![Kimi Logo](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/raw/master/assets/open_performance_white.png)](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/assets/open_performance_white.png)\n\n**Performance of Open-source Models on SWE-bench Verified.**\n\n## ⚙️ Installation\n\n```shell\n# clone repo\ngit clone https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev.git\n# create env\nconda create -n kimidev python=3.12\n# local install\npip install -e .\n```\n\n## 🛠️ How to use\n\n### Prepare repo structure \\[From [Agentless](https://github.com/OpenAutoCoder/Agentless/)\\]\n\nSince for each issue in the benchmark (both SWE-Bench Lite and SWE-Bench Verified) we need to checkout the repository and process the files, you might want to save some time by downloading the preprocessed data here: [swebench\\_repo\\_structure.zip](https://drive.google.com/file/d/15-4XjTmY48ystrsc_xcvtOkMs3Fx8RoW/view). After downloading, please unzip and export the location as such\n\n```shell\nexport PROJECT_FILE_LOC={folder which you saved}\n```\n\n### Deploy vLLM Model\n\n#### Installation\n\n```\n# Install vLLM with CUDA 12.8.\n# If you are using pip.\npip install vllm --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128\n# If you are using uv.\nuv pip install vllm --torch-backend=auto\n```\n\n#### Serving\n\n```\nvllm serve Kimi-Dev-72B --served-model-name kimi-dev --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --gpu-memory-utilization 0.95 --max-seq-len-to-capture 131072 --tensor-parallel-size 8\n```\n\n### Rollout\n\nKimi-Dev adopts a simplified two-stage framework for handling code repair and test writing tasks:\n\n1. **File Localization**: Intelligently identify key files that need modification based on problem descriptions and repository structure\n2. **Code Editing**: Perform precise code modifications on the located files, including bug fixes or unit test insertions\n\nCompared to multi-step localization methods, we perform localization at the file level and then pass the complete file to the repair step for more detailed reasoning.\n\nRun rollout script:\n\n```\nconda activate kimidev\n# Bugfixer\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_bugfixer.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n# Testwriter\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_testwriter.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n```\n\n## 👀 Example Results\n\nWe provide some example result files as well as the files required for test-time scaling [here](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/resources).\n\nYou can also download these files from [Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tv4u9_CjCAOIhyZC1pOmpHFx3q0Ui8ru/view?usp=drive_link).\n\n## 💪 Contributing\n\nWelcome to submit Pull Requests or create Issues to help improve the project.\n\n## 😺 Contact\n\nIf you have any questions, please feel free to submit a GitHub issue or contact [zhuhan@moonshot.cn](mailto:zhuhan@moonshot.cn).\n\n## 📝 Citation\n\nIf you find our code and models useful, please kindly cite the following information.\n\n```\n@misc{yang2025kimidevagentlesstrainingskill,\n      title={Kimi-Dev: Agentless Training as Skill Prior for SWE-Agents}, \n      author={Zonghan Yang and Shengjie Wang and Kelin Fu and Wenyang He and Weimin Xiong and Yibo Liu and Yibo Miao and Bofei Gao and Yejie Wang and Yingwei Ma and Yanhao Li and Yue Liu and Zhenxing Hu and Kaitai Zhang and Shuyi Wang and Huarong Chen and Flood Sung and Yang Liu and Yang Gao and Zhilin Yang and Tianyu Liu},\n      year={2025},\n      eprint={2509.23045},\n      archivePrefix={arXiv},\n      primaryClass={cs.AI},\n      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23045}, \n}\n```\n",
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  "content_html": "<p>We introduce Kimi-Dev-72B, our new open-source coding LLM for software engineering tasks. Kimi-Dev-72B achieves a new state-of-the-art on SWE-bench Verified among open-source models.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Kimi-Dev-72B achieves 60.4% performance on SWE-bench Verified. It surpasses the runner-up, setting a new state-of-the-art result among open-source models.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Kimi-Dev-72B is optimized via large-scale reinforcement learning. It autonomously patches real repositories in Docker and gains rewards only when the entire test suite passes. This ensures correct and robust solutions, aligning with real-world development standards.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Kimi-Dev-72B is available for download and deployment on Hugging Face and GitHub. We welcome developers and researchers to explore its capabilities and contribute to development.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/assets/open_performance_white.png\"><picture class=\"article-picture article-picture-fallback\" style=\"--image-ratio:16 / 9\"><img src=\"https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/raw/master/assets/open_performance_white.png\" alt=\"Kimi Logo\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" class=\"progressive-image\"></picture></a></p>\n<p><strong>Performance of Open-source Models on SWE-bench Verified.</strong></p>\n<h2>⚙️ Installation</h2>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"><span class=\"code-snippet\" data-language=\"Shell\"><span class=\"syntax-source syntax-shell syntax-bash\"><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-definition syntax-comment syntax-begin syntax-shell\">#</span></span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"> clone repo</span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\">\n</span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-function syntax-shell\">git</span></span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-arguments syntax-shell\"> clone https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev.git</span>\n<span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-definition syntax-comment syntax-begin syntax-shell\">#</span></span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"> create env</span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\">\n</span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-function syntax-shell\">conda</span></span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-arguments syntax-shell\"> create<span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-parameter syntax-option syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-definition syntax-parameter syntax-shell\"> -</span>n</span> kimidev python=3.12</span>\n<span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-definition syntax-comment syntax-begin syntax-shell\">#</span></span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\"> local install</span><span class=\"syntax-comment syntax-line syntax-number-sign syntax-shell\">\n</span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-function syntax-shell\">pip</span></span><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-arguments syntax-shell\"> install<span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-parameter syntax-option syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-definition syntax-parameter syntax-shell\"> -</span>e</span> .</span>\n</span></span></code></pre>\n<h2>🛠️ How to use</h2>\n<h3>Prepare repo structure [From <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/OpenAutoCoder/Agentless/\">Agentless</a>]</h3>\n<p>Since for each issue in the benchmark (both SWE-Bench Lite and SWE-Bench Verified) we need to checkout the repository and process the files, you might want to save some time by downloading the preprocessed data here: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/15-4XjTmY48ystrsc_xcvtOkMs3Fx8RoW/view\">swebench_repo_structure.zip</a>. After downloading, please unzip and export the location as such</p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"><span class=\"code-snippet\" data-language=\"Shell\"><span class=\"syntax-source syntax-shell syntax-bash\"><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-function-call syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-storage syntax-modifier syntax-shell\">export</span> <span class=\"syntax-variable syntax-other syntax-readwrite syntax-assignment syntax-shell\">PROJECT_FILE_LOC</span><span class=\"syntax-keyword syntax-operator syntax-assignment syntax-shell\">=</span><span class=\"syntax-string syntax-unquoted syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-meta syntax-group syntax-expansion syntax-brace syntax-shell\"><span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-section syntax-expansion syntax-brace syntax-begin syntax-shell\">{</span>folder which you saved<span class=\"syntax-punctuation syntax-section syntax-expansion syntax-brace syntax-end syntax-shell\">}</span></span></span></span>\n</span></span></code></pre>\n<h3>Deploy vLLM Model</h3>\n<h4>Installation</h4>\n<pre><code><span class=\"code-snippet\"># Install vLLM with CUDA 12.8.\n# If you are using pip.\npip install vllm --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128\n# If you are using uv.\nuv pip install vllm --torch-backend=auto\n</span></code></pre>\n<h4>Serving</h4>\n<pre><code><span class=\"code-snippet\">vllm serve Kimi-Dev-72B --served-model-name kimi-dev --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --gpu-memory-utilization 0.95 --max-seq-len-to-capture 131072 --tensor-parallel-size 8\n</span></code></pre>\n<h3>Rollout</h3>\n<p>Kimi-Dev adopts a simplified two-stage framework for handling code repair and test writing tasks:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>File Localization</strong>: Intelligently identify key files that need modification based on problem descriptions and repository structure</li>\n<li><strong>Code Editing</strong>: Perform precise code modifications on the located files, including bug fixes or unit test insertions</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Compared to multi-step localization methods, we perform localization at the file level and then pass the complete file to the repair step for more detailed reasoning.</p>\n<p>Run rollout script:</p>\n<pre><code><span class=\"code-snippet\">conda activate kimidev\n# Bugfixer\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_bugfixer.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n# Testwriter\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_testwriter.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n</span></code></pre>\n<h2>👀 Example Results</h2>\n<p>We provide some example result files as well as the files required for test-time scaling <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/resources\">here</a>.</p>\n<p>You can also download these files from <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tv4u9_CjCAOIhyZC1pOmpHFx3q0Ui8ru/view?usp=drive_link\">Google Drive</a>.</p>\n<h2>💪 Contributing</h2>\n<p>Welcome to submit Pull Requests or create Issues to help improve the project.</p>\n<h2>😺 Contact</h2>\n<p>If you have any questions, please feel free to submit a GitHub issue or contact <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"mailto:zhuhan@moonshot.cn\">zhuhan@moonshot.cn</a>.</p>\n<h2>📝 Citation</h2>\n<p>If you find our code and models useful, please kindly cite the following information.</p>\n<pre><code><span class=\"code-snippet\">@misc{yang2025kimidevagentlesstrainingskill,\n      title={Kimi-Dev: Agentless Training as Skill Prior for SWE-Agents}, \n      author={Zonghan Yang and Shengjie Wang and Kelin Fu and Wenyang He and Weimin Xiong and Yibo Liu and Yibo Miao and Bofei Gao and Yejie Wang and Yingwei Ma and Yanhao Li and Yue Liu and Zhenxing Hu and Kaitai Zhang and Shuyi Wang and Huarong Chen and Flood Sung and Yang Liu and Yang Gao and Zhilin Yang and Tianyu Liu},\n      year={2025},\n      eprint={2509.23045},\n      archivePrefix={arXiv},\n      primaryClass={cs.AI},\n      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23045}, \n}\n</span></code></pre>\n",
  "content_markdown": "We introduce Kimi-Dev-72B, our new open-source coding LLM for software engineering tasks. Kimi-Dev-72B achieves a new state-of-the-art on SWE-bench Verified among open-source models.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B achieves 60.4% performance on SWE-bench Verified. It surpasses the runner-up, setting a new state-of-the-art result among open-source models.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B is optimized via large-scale reinforcement learning. It autonomously patches real repositories in Docker and gains rewards only when the entire test suite passes. This ensures correct and robust solutions, aligning with real-world development standards.\n\n- Kimi-Dev-72B is available for download and deployment on Hugging Face and GitHub. We welcome developers and researchers to explore its capabilities and contribute to development.\n\n[![Kimi Logo](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/raw/master/assets/open_performance_white.png)](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/assets/open_performance_white.png)\n\n**Performance of Open-source Models on SWE-bench Verified.**\n\n## ⚙️ Installation\n\n```shell\n# clone repo\ngit clone https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev.git\n# create env\nconda create -n kimidev python=3.12\n# local install\npip install -e .\n```\n\n## 🛠️ How to use\n\n### Prepare repo structure \\[From [Agentless](https://github.com/OpenAutoCoder/Agentless/)\\]\n\nSince for each issue in the benchmark (both SWE-Bench Lite and SWE-Bench Verified) we need to checkout the repository and process the files, you might want to save some time by downloading the preprocessed data here: [swebench\\_repo\\_structure.zip](https://drive.google.com/file/d/15-4XjTmY48ystrsc_xcvtOkMs3Fx8RoW/view). After downloading, please unzip and export the location as such\n\n```shell\nexport PROJECT_FILE_LOC={folder which you saved}\n```\n\n### Deploy vLLM Model\n\n#### Installation\n\n```\n# Install vLLM with CUDA 12.8.\n# If you are using pip.\npip install vllm --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128\n# If you are using uv.\nuv pip install vllm --torch-backend=auto\n```\n\n#### Serving\n\n```\nvllm serve Kimi-Dev-72B --served-model-name kimi-dev --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --gpu-memory-utilization 0.95 --max-seq-len-to-capture 131072 --tensor-parallel-size 8\n```\n\n### Rollout\n\nKimi-Dev adopts a simplified two-stage framework for handling code repair and test writing tasks:\n\n1. **File Localization**: Intelligently identify key files that need modification based on problem descriptions and repository structure\n2. **Code Editing**: Perform precise code modifications on the located files, including bug fixes or unit test insertions\n\nCompared to multi-step localization methods, we perform localization at the file level and then pass the complete file to the repair step for more detailed reasoning.\n\nRun rollout script:\n\n```\nconda activate kimidev\n# Bugfixer\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_bugfixer.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n# Testwriter\npython kimidev/examples/rollout_messages_testwriter.py --model_name {vllm_serve_model}\n```\n\n## 👀 Example Results\n\nWe provide some example result files as well as the files required for test-time scaling [here](https://github.com/MoonshotAI/Kimi-Dev/blob/master/resources).\n\nYou can also download these files from [Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tv4u9_CjCAOIhyZC1pOmpHFx3q0Ui8ru/view?usp=drive_link).\n\n## 💪 Contributing\n\nWelcome to submit Pull Requests or create Issues to help improve the project.\n\n## 😺 Contact\n\nIf you have any questions, please feel free to submit a GitHub issue or contact [zhuhan@moonshot.cn](mailto:zhuhan@moonshot.cn).\n\n## 📝 Citation\n\nIf you find our code and models useful, please kindly cite the following information.\n\n```\n@misc{yang2025kimidevagentlesstrainingskill,\n      title={Kimi-Dev: Agentless Training as Skill Prior for SWE-Agents}, \n      author={Zonghan Yang and Shengjie Wang and Kelin Fu and Wenyang He and Weimin Xiong and Yibo Liu and Yibo Miao and Bofei Gao and Yejie Wang and Yingwei Ma and Yanhao Li and Yue Liu and Zhenxing Hu and Kaitai Zhang and Shuyi Wang and Huarong Chen and Flood Sung and Yang Liu and Yang Gao and Zhilin Yang and Tianyu Liu},\n      year={2025},\n      eprint={2509.23045},\n      archivePrefix={arXiv},\n      primaryClass={cs.AI},\n      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23045}, \n}\n```\n",
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